Research conducted at John Hopkins and the NHS has demonstrated the ability of an experimental compound of reversing a syndrome in mice that is closely related to Down Syndrome in humans.
To be effective, the compound was given to the affected mice at the time of birth. The compound effectively enhanced the brain's growth to a normal size after assumption, and therefore was instrumental in reversing the effects of the syndrome.
The experimental compound, which was given the curious name of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Antagonist, is still in trial stages and there is no proof yet that it can be safely used in humans.
Down Syndroms causes an underdevelopment of the brain, which can rob the person of almost 40% of the brain size of a normal counterpart.
If the results of the experiment can be safely translated to human beings, the possibilities are spectacular. With the increased growth to normal size, the researchers also observed cognitive and memory improvements, which was beyond the hope of the team conducting the study.
Down syndrome occurs when the foetus has three rather than two sets of chromosomes 21. This redundance leads to the devastating effects of Down syndrome, which also comport distortions in the natural facial features.
The mice in the experiment had an 'induced' down syndrome, which was created by artificially creating the chromosomal redundance in the lab.
The researchers believe that the effects of the compound stems from the cerebellum portion of the brain improving its 'communication' with the hippocampus after treatment with the experimental chemical.
The compound however, carries many risks, so that its application for human use necessitates in depth studies. The increased growth in the brain could also translate in increased growth in other parts of the body, thereby enhancing the risk of cancer.
Source : Science Daily/ 9.5.13
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